Durian is a fruit tree with high economic value, mainly grown in the Southeast region, Central Highlands, and the Mekong Delta. To achieve high yield and good quality, it is crucial to apply the correct techniques for planting and caring for the trees.
Seedling
There are two main methods for propagating durian:
Sexual Propagation: Using durian seeds for planting. This method is less commonly used because the trees take a long time to bear fruit, typically starting to produce after 8-9 years.
Vegetative Propagation: Methods such as U-shaped or T-shaped grafting, or branch stacking. This method is more favored because the trees produce fruit earlier and have higher quality.
Planting Techniques
Variety Selection: Choose healthy, disease-free seedlings with at least 3 branches, about 80 cm tall, and with a diameter of around 0.8 cm.
Soil: Durian is best suited for planting in sandy loam or alluvial soil. The soil needs to be loosened and pre-fertilized with organic matter before planting.
Planting Distance: Plant sparsely to ensure ventilation, with a density of about 70-100 trees/ha, and a distance between trees of 10-12 meters.
Care Instructions
Watering: Durian trees need regular watering, especially during the dry season. Avoid waterlogging the tree during the rainy season.
Fertilizing: Apply organic and microbial fertilizers periodically to provide nutrients to the tree. Fertilize according to the tree's growth stages.
Pruning: Prune the branches to shape the canopy for better growth and higher yield. Remove weak or diseased branches.
Pest and Disease Control: Regularly inspect and control pests and diseases. Common issues with durian trees include stem borers, scale insects, and root rot.
The proper application of cultivation and care techniques will help durian trees grow well, yielding high productivity and high-quality fruits. This not only brings economic benefits to farmers but also contributes to the development of Vietnam's agricultural sector.
